Ebola virus
disease
Ebola
virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a
severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola
first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, in Nzara, Sudan, and
in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter was in a village situated
near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.
Ebola
is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions,
organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals. In Africa, infection
has been documented through the handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas,
fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the
rainforest.
Ebola
then spreads in the community through human-to-human transmission, with
infection resulting from direct contact (through broken skin or mucous
membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of
infected people, and indirect contact with environments contaminated
with such fluids. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with
the body of the deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of
Ebola. Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus
through their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness.
People
are infectious as long as their blood and secretions contain the virus. Ebola
virus was isolated from semen 61 days after onset of illness in a man who was
infected in a laboratory.
(Adapted from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/)
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Vocabulary
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Phonetic Symbol
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Meaning
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1. haemorrhagic (adjective)
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/hem.əˈrædʒ.ɪk/
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relating to a haemorrhage (= a
large flow of blood from a damaged blood vessel)เลือดออก
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2. simultaneous (adjective)
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/ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ.ni.əs/
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happening or being done at exactly
the same time พร้อมกัน
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3. situated (adjective)
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/ˈsɪt.ju.eɪ.tɪd/
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in a particular position ที่ตั้งอยู่
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4. secretion (noun)
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/sɪˈkriː.ʃən/
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the process by which an animal or
plant produces and releases a liquid, or the liquid produced:
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5. fluid (noun)
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/ˈfluː.ɪd/
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a substance that flows and is not
solid ของเหลว
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6. contaminate
(verb)
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/kənˈtæm.ɪ.neɪt/
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to make something less pure or
make it poisonous ที่ปนเปื้อน
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7. laboratory (noun)
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/ləˈbɒr.ə.tər.i/
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a room or building with scientific
equipment for doing scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place
where chemicals or medicines are produced ห้องปฏิบัติการ
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